Anemia occurs when the number and size of red blood cells or the concentration of hemoglobin is below the recommended values. This condition impairs the transportation of oxygen in the bloodstream to the tissues. The diagnosis of anemia in women of childbearing age over 15 years is made when the hemoglobin concentration is below 12 g/dL. Maternal anemia is associated with higher morbidity for both mother and child. This affects the development and learning of generations of children and results in lower productivity and economic development for communities and nations that have this health problem. To reduce anemia, it is important to identify, measure and understand this indicator.